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Literature

付岳飛 Letter to General Yueh Fei

Author        : 蘇軾 Su Shih

Dynasty      : 宋 Sung Dynasty

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【About the author】

蘇軾(1037-1101),北宋文學家、書畫家、美食家。字子瞻,號東坡居士。漢族,四川人,葬於潁昌(今河南省平頂山市郟縣)。一生仕途坎坷,學識淵博,天資極高,詩文書畫皆精。

Inside Story

This is a letter Emperor Kao sent to Yueh Fei. It started by autumn greetings and comforted the hardship of battling. Then, it stated if there was anything urgent happened Yueh Fei was allowed to report to him directly, there was no need to go through the routine channel. It also expressed the Emperor’s concerns on rebel’s condition in the dominion of army and navy troops to him. If the rebels should initiate attacks Yueh Fei was authorized to mobilize the navy to prevent further conflicts. Over all, the letter delivered Emperor’s greetings and concerns on the general who led troops to protect borderline area and gave him great extension of authority. However, several years later, Emperor Kao believed a treacherous court official’s words and ordered Yueh Fei to return to the capital with twelve gold plaques, then executed him with false accusations. Comparing the letter and the execution, it is truly pitiful.

Gift

行穰帖

晉 王羲之
王羲之《行穰帖》,原跡已失傳。此為初唐時期的雙鉤填墨摹本,硬黃紙本,傳為米芾再臨本,24.4×8.9cm。二行,十五字,由北宋徽宗金泥題簽和宣和之印,曾為董其昌友人吳廷所藏,明董其昌有多處題跋,後入清宮,乾隆有題跋題詩及鑒賞印。據說《行穰帖》為八國聯軍侵略中國時,從圓明園(宮廷)流落到民間的國寶,同時流出的還有鐘繇《薦季直表》和蘇軾《黃州寒食帖》等。《行穰帖》後為大風堂張大千收藏。《行穰帖》歸大風堂後,張大千來日本曾攜此卷並一時存放于書法家西川甯處。現藏美國普林斯頓大學美術館。號稱美國藏中國書法第一名品。

前後赤壁賦

明 祝允明
〈前後赤壁賦〉是東坡極為有名的作品,特別是〈前赤壁賦〉更是佳作中的佳作。其中主要表達的思想,是東坡在貶官之餘,看到赤壁壯闊的景色,想起三國時的種種事情,進而感受到「人」的渺小、人生的短暫與無常,心中因此而感到難過,但是又進一步表示人生雖然短暫,但是人的精神境界如果不被俗世的名利所束縛,而能夠像大自然一樣無拘無束,這樣的人生,也是一種永恆。需要特別說明的是,東坡寫〈前後赤壁賦〉時所處的赤壁,並不是三國時赤壁之戰的赤壁,只是名字一樣而已,東坡就借著一樣名字而有所發抒。