黃州寒食帖 Poem on Cold food day
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【朝代】
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宋
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【作者】
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蘇軾 |
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【摘要】
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寒食帖是蘇東坡被貶到黃州的第三年的寒食節寫的詩稿。寒食是為了紀念春秋時代不慕名利被燒死在綿山的介之推的節日，民間在這天不用火烹煮食物，所以都是在寒食節前準備好。「寒食帖」包括兩首詩，第一首是指蘇軾身遭烏台詩案這樣的大難之後，對人充滿了虛無不定的感慨，因此詩句自然，沒有任何造作。寒食在清明前後，正是雨季，淫雨靡靡，加上貶官和臥病在床，心情惆悵感傷，自然是可想而知，當他看到海棠盛放，紅如胭脂，白如雪，卻又被泥濘所污，似乎在惜春惜花，也是惋惜自己的生命。第二首是指雖然想要向君王盡忠，但是卻沒有辦法；想要向祖先墳墓祭掃盡孝，更是不可能(貶官之人，不能隨意離開被貶之地，所以東坡不能離開黃州到四川去掃墓)，蘇軾看到烏鴉啣著墓地中的冥紙，心情彷彿比晉代時，因為窮途而哭的阮藉更為絕望，心中已是一片死灰。 |
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【賞析】
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關於烏台詩案東坡移任湖州的第三個月時，有一天突然闖進一位朝廷欽差，把蘇軾捉拿進京，原來是一群和蘇軾有嫌隙的官員，為了要討好王安石，指稱他在詩文中歪曲事實，誹謗朝廷，請皇上下令司法官員判他的罪。不久蘇軾就被送入獄中，這就是著名的「烏臺詩案」。蘇東坡在經過了此次的文字獄衝擊後，心中的想法有了很大的改變，在平淡的生活中找到了淡泊自得的喜稅，一有空，仍不忘到處尋幽訪勝，賞遍山川景色，悠閒度日。 |
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Poem on Cold food day
Su Shih, Sung Dynasty
Inside Story The poem was written by Shu Tungpo on Cold Food Day after he was demoted to Huangchou for the third year. There were two poems. The first one wais about Tungpo‘s sorrow on the instability of life after went through a catastrophe of the accusation of the Wutaishih case. The poem was naturally composed without sophistication. The second poem stated that he wanted to serve the emperor with loyalty yet he was not allowed to do so. Cold Food Day was to commemorate Chieh Chichtui who was a man of refusing fame and fortune. He was dead in a fire. People did not cook food with fire on Cold Food Day and the food they ate Coo Food Day were prepared a day before.
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